ES1 / ES1P / ES2G / ES2GP
ES2G-07201 in Andronovka station (Moscow)
ЭС1 / ЭС1П / ЭС2Г / ЭС2ГП (Электропоезд Сименс (Siemens electric train), 1-й / 2-й тип (1st/2nd type), городской (intercity), «Премиум» (Premium)) are a family of passenger electric trains with the commercial name “Lastochka”. Created on the basis of the Siemens Desiro platform for JSC Russian Railways (JSC Russian Railways).
Electric trains ES1 were produced by the Siemens plant in Krefeld (Germany), and ES1P, ES2G and ES2GP by the Ural Locomotives plant in Verkhnyaya Pyshma (Russia) under license from Siemens. In total, from 2011 to 2022, about 260 Lastochka trains of all varieties were produced. Most of them are in passenger operation, a significant part of the trains are used as interregional or suburban express trains or city trains (ES2G), some of the trains are operated as commuter trains.
Due to the departure of Siemens from Russia, due to sanctions imposed after Russia’s military operation in Ukraine, the production of electric trains of this model was suspended. Since 2023, the Sinara group has been implementing its own new project – electric trains ES104 and ES105.
Interior of the ES2G
Design and start of production
In 2009, Russian Railways ordered Siemens to develop a two-system electric train for suburban transportation in Russia. There were plans to use them in Sochi during the 2014 Winter Olympics and on other lines.
Previously, Siemens had already produced electric trains EVS1/EVS2 “Sapsan” for high-speed traffic for Russian railways. They became the basis for the creation of a new electric train.
On December 29, 2009, Russian Railways and the German company Siemens signed a contract for the supply of 54 electric trains of the ES1 series (Siemens electric train, type 1) worth 410 million euros. These trains received the commercial name “Swallow”.
A dual-system electric train was needed to provide electrified railway lines in the Olympic Games region. The main network is electrified with a direct voltage of 3 kV, and the mountain section Adler – Krasnaya Polyana – with an alternating voltage of 25 kV and a frequency of 50 Hz. Dual-system electric trains also made it possible to organize suburban service along routes with direct and alternating current sections without stopping at a connecting station, including the Adler – Krasnodar route with the Goryachiy Klyuch station.
Siemens discussed all technical solutions when designing the new Desiro ML Rus electric train with specialized research institutes and agreed with Russian Railways. They borrowed them from Russian specialists and the experience of Velaro RUS. The train’s basic platform has been adapted to new operating conditions and the harsh Russian winter.
Difficult topographical conditions placed increased demands on braking and traction equipment, and therefore the trains were designed to ensure safe operation in mountain conditions. The design and execution of the control cabin and passenger compartment were discussed on a mock-up of the head car.
In March 2011, Ural Locomotives LLC and Aeroexpress LLC created a joint venture to produce electric trains in Russia. Since the end of 2013, trains have been produced at the Ural Locomotives plant in Verkhnyaya Pyshma.
On October 7, 2011, JSC Russian Railways placed an order for 1.2 thousand Lastochka electric train cars, designated the ES2G series. The contract was signed by Russian Railways President Yakunin, Siemens President Lesher and Sinara Group President Pumpyansky.
Russian Railways signed a contract with Siemens to service 54 electric trains. It has been in force since 2013 and is designed for 40 years. The amount is more than 500 million euros. The contract was signed by V. Yakunin and P. Lesher.
In 2018, the Ural Locomotives plant developed an intermediate motor car and a new microprocessor upper-level control system. In mid-May 2018, a seven-car electric train ES2G was sent to the experimental ring of VNIIZhT in Shcherbinka. In October, the tests were completed and the train received a certificate of compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union.
In December of the same year, the same electric train was supplemented with three carriages. A variant of an electric train of variable composition was initially prepared for the Moscow Central Circle.
In 2015, the Ural Locomotives plant developed a two-system train on the Lastochka-Premium platform for interregional travel over a distance of up to 700 km.
Since 2017, Russian Railways has been introducing an automatic train guidance system on Lastochka trains. This possibility was provided for at the design stage of the MCC. Now the GoA2 mode is used – semi-automatic control.
In November 2019, elements of auto guidance technology made it possible to reduce the interval of trains on the MCC to four minutes, and increase carrying capacity by 20%.
In 2019, ES2G-113 was built with a GoA3 automation degree. Based on the test results, an ES2G-136 with a GoA3+ automation degree was built in 2020 and sent for testing. On December 23 and 24, 2021, this train made demonstration trips along the MCC without passengers and in the presence of a driver, but in automatic mode. It is planned to put it into controlled operation with passengers in 2022.
The NPO SAUT company created the hardware and software. It includes a motion control unit and a control monitor, which can be installed both in the cab and in the remote control center.
As of the end of 2021, the degree of automation was being brought to the GoA4 level. In this case, there is no driver in the cab, and the train is controlled remotely by the driver-operator.
It was planned that the electric train would receive a certificate in 2023 and begin production in 2024-2025. Its release was postponed in the second half of 2022.
ES2G-02704 at Finland railway station (St. Petersburg)
Composition
Initially, the Desiro RUS electric trains, like the Desiro ML, had a five-car design upon delivery and were formed from three types of cars – motor head cars with a control cabin (Mg), intermediate trailed ones with a pantograph (PPT) and intermediate trailed ones without a pantograph (PP); layout diagram Mg+PpT+Pp+PpT+Mg. If necessary, such a train may include an additional sixth intermediate trailer car without a current collector, coupled adjacent to another similar car. The head cars of the train are motor cars, with an axle formula of 20−20; intermediate – trailed, with an axle formula of 2-2. In this scheme, the second and fourth cars are equipped with current collectors. Trains can be coupled into double trains using a system of many units and controlled from one driver’s cabin (that is, a total of 10 (5+5) or 11 (5+6) or 12 (6+6) cars). In this case, it is possible to couple dual-system trains with DC trains. The first (test) trip of such a coupling took place in April 2020; then the ES1P, coupled with the ES2GP, followed the Moscow-Kostroma route.
A significant drawback of this scheme was the lack of intermediate motor cars, which limited the possibility of creating long trains. However, in 2018, the Ural Locomotives plant developed such a car for ES2G and created a new top-level microprocessor control system. This made it possible to form trains of 7, 10 and 12 cars.
The first sample of the seven-car train ES2G-087 was sent for testing in mid-May 2018. During the tests, the composition was formed according to the following scheme: Mg+PpT+Pp+PpT+Mp+PpT+Mg. That is, the PpT+Mp section was added to the standard five-car layout, where Mp is a motor intermediate car without a pantograph.
In December 2018, the composition of ES2G-087 was increased to ten cars (with the addition of PpT, Mp, Pp cars). After these modifications, ES2G can operate in a fleet of five to twelve cars.
The cars of one train are connected to each other not by automatic couplers, but by permanent, non-detachable rigid connections. This made it possible to eliminate vestibules and create sealed inter-car passages. Thus, the entire train is a single functional unit. The head cars on the cabin side are equipped with Scharfenberg automatic couplers.
A ten-car version also appeared for ES1P. In June 2021, the Ural Locomotives plant received a certificate of compliance with the technical regulations of the Customs Union for such a train. In this case, the MP car was also created. ES1P-024 was subjected to testing.
For ES104, the layout of the cars was changed. Now the train has two new types of cars:
- control cars (in a five-car train) became trailed cars (PG);
- intermediate trailed cars coupled to them with motor current collectors (MPT).
The middle car remained trailed, but without a pantograph.
For example, the composition ES104-001 has the following composition: Pg+MpT+Pp+MpT+Pg.
ES1P-01702. Moscow railway system
Assembly: Krefeld (Germany) / Verkhnyaya Pyshma (Russia)
Years of production: 2011—2023
Production: 283 trainsets
Passenger capacity (trainset with 5 cars): 340—443 seats
Length (PG): 26 031 mm
Length (MP/PP): 24 800 mm
Width: 3480 mm
Height: 4850 mm
Track gauge: 1520 mm
Material: steel
Power of the motor: 318,75 kW
Continuous power: 2500 kW
Type of current: 3000 V (DC)
Max speed: 160 km/h
Weight (1 car): 54.8 t
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