UAZ-469
UAZ-469 and UAZ-3151 are Soviet and Russian SUVs that were designed to transport cargo and passengers off-road. They were produced at the Ulyanovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (UAZ) and were primarily used for military purposes.
Since the mid-1970s, the UAZ-469 became the main command vehicle in the Soviet Army and Warsaw Pact countries, replacing its predecessor, the GAZ-69.
Serial production of the UAZ-469 began in December 1972. This was preceded by the release of several pilot batches since 1964.
History
The UAZ-469 was created to transport people, cargo, and light car trailers on all types of roads. Development of the vehicle began in the 1950s. In 1958, the first prototype was built, which was named UAZ-460.
The first UAZ-469s were assembled at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant on December 15, 1972. The Volga GAZ-21, which was well known to mechanics at the time and was famous for its reliability and robust design, was used as the basis for the creation of the new model.
The car with the UAZ-469 index was produced until 1985. Then, according to the industry system introduced in 1966, it was assigned a four-digit number – 3151. And the UAZ-469B received the number 31512.
In August 1974, three UAZ-469 cars, not equipped with winches and anti-skid chains, successfully completed a test run and reached the glacier on top of Mount Elbrus, being at an altitude of 4,200 meters.
In 1985, production of the modernized UAZ-3151 model with a normalized industry index began. Its production in 2003 was limited to only the gearbox (3151) and export (31512, 31514 and 31519) versions due to the transition to the modernized UAZ-315195 “Hunter” model for the domestic market.
In February 2010, the UAZ plant announced the resumption of production of the UAZ-469 model (index UAZ-315196). Production is carried out in limited quantities.
The design of the car was modified to improve comfort: a spring front suspension, front disc brakes and power steering (in a complete set with a metal roof) were installed. The engine was also changed – now it produces 112 horsepower.
Starting in April, throughout 2010, a limited series of SUVs was produced under the conditional marketing name “469” (factory index UAZ-315196). The release of this series was timed to coincide with the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War and was planned in the amount of 5,000 units.
In January 2011, the UAZ-469 disappeared from the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant catalog, having exhausted the limit of 5,000 cars. In its place, the UAZ “Hunter Classic” returned again, the price of which significantly exceeds the price of the 469th.
In October 2011, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation announced its decision to stop purchasing UAZ-3151 vehicles. However, the possibility of purchasing small batches of these cars in the future was stipulated.
Design
This is a five-seater open body with a four-door design. The side doors are equipped with removable metal extensions with glazing. At the rear of the body there is a drop-down side, which can also be used for loading luggage. Two more passengers can be accommodated on two folding seats at the rear of the body.
The awning arcs are removable, and the windshield frame folds down onto the hood. This facilitates the process of camouflage and transportation, for example, in a helicopter.
The car body is mounted on a strong and rigid side member frame, which ensures its stability and reliability.
The car clutch is dry single-disc.
The gearbox has 4 stages, with synchronizers installed on the 3rd and 4th gears. The transfer case is two-stage, it is rigidly attached to the gearbox, which eliminates the use of an intermediate cardan shaft.
The UAZ-469 is designed to carry 7 passengers and luggage weighing up to 100 kg or 2 passengers and luggage weighing up to 600 kg. In addition, the car can tow a trailer weighing up to 850 kg.
To increase ground clearance to 300 mm, the car was equipped with drive axles with a double final drive. They had an extended housing, but a smaller vertical size. Reduction final drives were also added. They are located between the axle shaft and the hub and are a pair of cylindrical gears with internal engagement. The axle shaft and hub rotate in the same direction.
The UAZ-469B was equipped with drive axles with a single final drive, which were created on the basis of the bridges from the GAZ-69. They did not have final drives. The ground clearance of the “civilian” UAZ-469 was 220 mm.
The cardan shafts on the UAZ-469B were slightly longer. The total gear ratio of the drive axles (both geared and gearless) was almost the same. The geared one had 5.38, while the gearless one had 5.125.
You can distinguish the “geared” UAZ-469 (UAZ-3151) from the “gearless” UAZ-469B (UAZ-31512) by looking under the car. On the geared rear axle, torque is transmitted to the hub through a conical “cap”. On the gearless axle, the axle flange is visible.
Each gearbox (there are four of them) is filled with 300 ml of transmission oil.
The UAZ-469 and UAZ 3151 military vehicles were equipped with tires of size 215/90 R15 of the Ya-192 model, and then the Ya-409.
On civilian modifications of UAZ 469B, UAZ 31514 and others, tires of size 215/90 R15 of the Ya-245 model were installed.
On cars of the 1980s, using a tubular wrench, they unscrewed the protective cap and connected and disconnected the coupling for adjusting the hub bearings with a hex key. Then, the external lighting was changed on the cars, and the turn signals at the front and rear became orange.
In 1983, the car began to be equipped with a model 414 engine with a capacity of 77 HP, and an expansion tank and a sealed radiator cap appeared in the cooling system.
UAZ-3151
In 1985, the car was modernized, the gear version, according to the new classification, received the index 3151. The cars were equipped with:
- Hydraulic clutch release drive
- Cardan shafts with radial-face seal of bearings
- New lighting devices (two-section sidelights, three-section rear lights FP-132, side repeaters)
- Windshield washer with electric drive
- Suspended clutch and brake pedals
- High-reliability drive axles with a modified value of the gear ratio of the main pair and wheel reduction gears
- Brake system with dual-circuit drive and signal device
- Split trauma-safe steering column
- More efficient and reliable heater
- On some cars, a fully synchronized 4-speed gearbox, vacuum brake booster
- The power of the UMZ-417 engine has been increased to 90 HP
- The maximum speed of the car has increased to 120 km / h
Modifications
Serial
- UAZ-469 — military version with a two-stage main transmission, final drives and a clearance of 300 mm, after the 1985 modernization received the index UAZ-3151
- UAZ-469B — the main, “civilian” version with a single-stage main transmission (no final drives in the axles) (clearance of 220 mm), after the 1985 modernization received the index UAZ-31512
- UAZ-469BI — version 469B with shielded electrical equipment (for example, for the R-403M — radio relay transceiver VHF radio station)
- UAZ-469BG — medical, equipped with places for medical personnel and a stretcher, after the 1985 modernization received the index UAZ-3152
- UAZ-469RX — radiation-chemical vehicle reconnaissance
- UAZ-469AP — a patrol police version, on which an all-metal roof was installed, between the rear row of seats and the “aft” side seats there was an iron grille, the rear door was locked from the outside with a lock, the window in it was barred.
Non-serial
- UAZ-3907 “Jaguar” — an amphibious vehicle based on the UAZ-469. On the amphibian, two propellers are installed in front of the rear axle
- UAZ-Martorelli — a version of the UAZ-469B, exported to Italy, where the car was significantly modified. There were several modifications: with a “native” petrol engine UMZ-451M (2500 cm³, 75 HP) was called UAZ-Explorer, with a diesel Peugeot XD2 (2500 cm³, 76 HP) – UAZ-Marathon, with a turbodiesel from Vittorio Martorelli VM (2400 cm³, 100 HP) – UAZ-Dakar, with a petrol engine FIAT (2000 cm³, 112 HP) – UAZ-Racing
Sport
In 1978 in San Remo, Martoletti in the UAZ-469 received the “Silver Jack” award for winning the Italian autocross championship.
World records
The serial UAZ-469 set a world record for the number of passengers in a passenger car. The cabin accommodated 32 people, including the driver. The total weight of the passengers and the driver was 1900 kilograms.
The UAZ-469 successfully covered a distance of 10 meters with a full load, which meets the conditions for registering a world record. This event was recorded on June 2, 2010 by the International Agency of Records and Achievements.
Manufacturer: Ульяновский автомобильный завод / Кременчугский автомобильный завод / Gəncə Avtomobil Zavodu / Baijah Automotive / Thanh Xuan Industry Automobile-Motorbike / Empresa Reparadora José Smith Comas
Assembly: Ulyanovsk (USSR/Russia) / Kremenchug (Ukraine) / Ganja (Azerbaijan) / Bad Nauheim (Germany) / Hanoi (Vietnam) / Camagüey (Cuba)
Years of production: 1972—2011
Production: +2,000,000 units
Length: 4025 mm
Width: 1805 mm
Height: 2015 mm
Motor: УМЗ-4178
Engine (specs): 4 cylinders; 2500 cc
Power: 92 HP
Max speed: 120 km/h
Fuel consumption: 15 l/100 km
Weight: 1650 kg
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