{"id":123284,"date":"2026-01-08T12:57:26","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T11:57:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/?p=123284"},"modified":"2026-01-08T15:42:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T14:42:32","slug":"faune-la-marmotte-marmota-marmota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/fr\/faune-la-marmotte-marmota-marmota\/","title":{"rendered":"Faune des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es: La marmotte (marmota marmota)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/marmot.jpg\" class=\"light\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-123295 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/marmot.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/marmot.jpg 960w, https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/marmot-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/marmot-768x528.jpg 768w, https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/marmot-800x550.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Faune des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es: La marmotte (marmota marmota)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fiche d\u2019identit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Classification : Mammif\u00e8re<\/li>\n<li>Famille : Sciuridae<\/li>\n<li>Ordre : Rongeur<\/li>\n<li>Poids : 5 kg<\/li>\n<li>Taille : entre 50 et 70 cm<\/li>\n<li>Alimentation : Omnivore (v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, graines et petits invert\u00e9br\u00e9s)<\/li>\n<li>Reproduction : avril, mai<\/li>\n<li>Long\u00e9vit\u00e9 : entre 15 et 18 ans<\/li>\n<li>Port\u00e9e : 2 \u00e0 7 marmottons<\/li>\n<li>Gestation : 5 semaines<\/li>\n<li>Allaitement : 1 mois<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9placement : Plantigrade<\/li>\n<li>Hibernation : de octobre \u00e0 avril (6 mois)<\/li>\n<li>Habitat : Montagne entre 1300 et 2800 m\u00e8tres d\u2019altitude. Mais on la retrouve souvent \u00e0 des altitudes inf\u00e9rieures. Elle aime les terrains d\u00e9gag\u00e9s et en pente lui permettant de surveiller d\u2019un point haut. Elle pr\u00e9f\u00e8re les versants sud dans des terrains o\u00f9 les plaques d\u2019herbe alternent avec rocailles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Origine :<br \/>\nLa marmotte des Alpes est venue d\u2019Asie il y a 200 000 ans (pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne), lors du dernier intervalle interglaciaire. Son extension en France a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rable au quaternaire (on a retrouv\u00e9 des fossiles de marmottes du Bas-Rhin aux Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es Atlantiques). Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 longtemps chass\u00e9e (pour sa viande, sa peau et sa graisse) ce qui peut expliquer qu\u2019elle se soit r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e en montagne.<\/p>\n<p>La marmotte a toujours peupl\u00e9 les Alpes mais a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9introduite dans les Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Description :<br \/>\nCorps trapu, souple, puissant, membres courts dot\u00e9s de 5 griffes aux pattes post\u00e9rieures et de seulement 4 aux pattes ant\u00e9rieures (le pouce ayant disparu), oreilles discr\u00e8tes, immenses incisives et ongles longs, un grand nombre de vibrisses (longs poils tactiles de la moustache, des sourcils, de la joue ou du menton qui lui servent \u00e0 se diriger dans l\u2019obscurit\u00e9 des terriers). Tout d\u00e9montre l\u2019adaptation de la marmotte \u00e0 la vie souterraine et traduit qu\u2019elle est un animal fouisseur.<\/p>\n<p>Vie :<br \/>\nLa marmotte adore creuser et ses lieux estivaux sont farcis de tunnels, boyaux inachev\u00e9s et autres travaux pour le simple plaisir de fouir et de remuer la terre.<\/p>\n<p>Elles aiment la vie sociale et s\u2019int\u00e9ressent manifestement \u00e0 leurs cong\u00e9n\u00e8res. Mais on parle n\u00e9anmoins de vie semi-communautaire car les activit\u00e9s coop\u00e9ratives des diff\u00e9rents membres d\u2019une m\u00eame soci\u00e9t\u00e9 se limitent \u00e0 peu de chose.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi la l\u00e9gende de la sentinelle accr\u00e9dit\u00e9e n\u2019est pas fond\u00e9e. Chaque animal \u00e9tant naturellement vigilant, c\u2019est le mieux plac\u00e9 qui signale le danger aux autres.<\/p>\n<p>Des comportements d\u2019apaisement tels que les flairages de face, les toilettages mutuels et les jeux contribuent \u00e0 maintenir la coh\u00e9sion dans le groupe.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque groupe familial, dont les membres hibernent ensemble, est compos\u00e9 d\u2019un couple reproducteur accompagn\u00e9 de leurs descendants des 2 ou 3 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es soit en tout de 5 \u00e0 15 individus.<\/p>\n<p>Les terriers ne sont pas forc\u00e9ment attitr\u00e9s et en cas de danger, elle se jette dans le premier trou venu sans que cela pose probl\u00e8me aux occupants.<\/p>\n<p>La territorialit\u00e9 reprend ses droits au moment de la reproduction o\u00f9 chaque couple s\u2019approprie un espace vital dont les limites sont marqu\u00e9es par des s\u00e9cr\u00e9tions de glandes situ\u00e9es sur les joues.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est sur une liti\u00e8re bien s\u00e8che (nid) et apr\u00e8s avoir bouch\u00e9 l\u2019entr\u00e9e principale du terrier avec du foin que les femelles mettent au monde leurs petits d\u00e9but juin. Les marmottons p\u00e8sent alors \u00e0 peine 30 g, ont les yeux clos et sont d\u00e9pourvus de poils.<\/p>\n<p>A la mi-septembre, elles se livrent \u00e0 la fenaison. Elles coupent des herbes et les laissent s\u00e9cher au soleil pour confectionner les liti\u00e8res d\u2019hiver.<\/p>\n<p>La marmotte est dot\u00e9e d\u2019une ou\u00efe excellente et d\u2019un odorat affin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019un danger imminent, comme un pr\u00e9dateur, est signal\u00e9 par un sifflement unique et puissant qui sera repris \u00e0 l\u2019unisson une fois le danger pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Ses principaux pr\u00e9dateurs sont le renard et l\u2019aigle royal, ainsi que l\u2019homme car sa chasse est autoris\u00e9e quelques jours par an.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019hibernation de la marmotte:<\/p>\n<p>Fin septembre elles retrouvent leurs terriers qu\u2019elles barricadent avec de l\u2019herbe, de la terre et des pierres pour vivre la p\u00e9riode froide au ralentis.<\/p>\n<p>Elles s\u2019enfouiront d\u00e8s que la temp\u00e9rature s\u2019abaissera au-dessous de 12\u00b0C, pour une hibernation de 6 mois.<\/p>\n<p>Son rythme cardiaque est alors divis\u00e9 par 7 ou 8 et son long sommeil est entrecoup\u00e9 d\u2019une douzaine de petites phases de r\u00e9veil.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est une horloge interne r\u00e9gl\u00e9e sur la consommation de leurs r\u00e9serves de graisse qui r\u00e9veille la marmotte au sortir de leur sommeil hivernal, d\u00e9but avril.<\/p>\n<p>A la sortie de l\u2019hibernation, les marmottes peuvent avoir perdu jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de leur masse corporelle.<\/p>\n<p>*STAPS Font-Romeu, Renforcement randonn\u00e9e p\u00e9destre, <a href=\"https:\/\/all-andorra.com\/?p=95463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><strong>Alain Place<\/strong><\/a>, guide de haute montagne et de canyonning en France.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Faune des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es: La marmotte (marmota marmota)<\/p>\n<p>Fiche d\u2019identit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<p>Classification : Mammif\u00e8re<br \/>\nFamille : Sciuridae<br \/>\nOrdre : Rongeur<br \/>\nPoids : 5 kg<br \/>\nTaille : entre 50 et 70 cm<br \/>\nAlimentation : Omnivore (v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, graines et petits invert\u00e9br\u00e9s)<br \/>\nReproduction : avril, mai<br \/>\nLong\u00e9vit\u00e9 : entre 15 et 18 ans<br \/>\nPort\u00e9e : 2 \u00e0 7 marmottons<br \/>\nGestation : 5 semaines<br \/>\nAllaitement : 1 mois<br \/>\nD\u00e9placement &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":123295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21032],"tags":[20164,45190,22448,20029],"class_list":["post-123284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-management-du-sport","tag-faune","tag-marmotte","tag-nature-fr","tag-staps"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tout d\u00e9montre l\u2019adaptation de la marmotte 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